Beer in Mesopotamia free essay sample

How did lager lead to the improvement of urban areas in Mesopotamia and Egypt? Individuals went from scavenging and chasing while at the same time living in towns, to horticulture which lead to the excess of grain which lead to brew. Having the overflow of grain took into consideration a few people to have some expertise in different callings in light of the fact that not every person was expected to deliver food. Having numerous callings adds to the advancement of urban communities. One of the created callings was minister who gathered merchandise as tax assessment. Urban communities started to develop as cleric aggregated power.Priest utilized burdened as a device to extend towns into towns which got ventured into urban communities. Sections 3 and 4: Wine in Greece and Rome 1. Portray the job that wine plays in Greek or roman culture comparable to economic wellbeing. In Greek and roman social orders your wine was an insignia of your societal position. In the start of wine creation in Greece wine was so costly and scant creation it deserving of utilization by divine beings, likewise keeping a great many people from tasting it by any stretch of the imagination. We will compose a custom paper test on Brew in Mesopotamia or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In any case, as further developed wine creating procedures were received wine became copious enough top become generally afforded.So now it was the sort of wine you drank and its age that figured out where you went on the economic wellbeing meter. In this manner wine turned into an image of social separation; a sign of riches and status of the consumer. Sections 5 and 6: Spirits in the pioneer time frame 1. Clarify how liquor is identified with slave exchange. The African slave masters who provided the Europeans with slaves acknowledged a scope of items in return yet the most looked for after by a long shot were solid mixed beverages. Spirits were given to African slave brokers to oil the way of slave exchange. Kayak men who carried products to and from European boats were likewise paid in bandy for their work.The association among spirits and slaves were additionally reinforced after the development of rum. Section 7 and 8: Coffee in the period of reason 1. Look into espressos in the public arena in its beginning periods to brew, wine or spirits. Espressos status was equivocal. Some Muslim researchers questioned that it was inebriating and along these lines subject to a similar strict preclusion as wine and other mixed beverages. Meccas neighborhood senator put espresso being investigated. The committee concurred with the representative, so espresso was seized and consumed in the avenues and espresso sellers and a portion Of their clients were beaten as enmeshment.Not everybody endorsed of drinking espresso. Clinical men for one accepted that espresso was harmful, not normal for brew, wine or spirits. Others just protested the taste. Part 9 and 10: Tea and the British Empire 1. Clarify why the mechanical upheaval started in Britain. You can follow the history (occasions) of the transformation in your clarification. Make certain to incorporate in any event one job that tea played in the British industrialization. The mechanical insurgency started in Great Britain as a result of the material business. England had a plenitude of cotton utilized really taking shape of textiles.When the cabin business and the assembling of garments at home changed to the manufacturing plant framework, new machines were being made. Additionally a few key-designers of postulations machines where from Great Britain, and added to the manufacturing plant framework being set up. Likewise effective transportation was at that point set up in Britain and was additionally improved with the interest among techniques and providers. Incredible Britain likewise had a great deal of common assets. Likewise the laborers in the new processing plants of the eighteenth century grasped tea since it honed their brain. Section 10 and 11: Coca-Cola and the ascent Of America 1.Discuss how World War II affected the globalization of Coca-Cola. Just as being related with America, Coca-Cola likewise epitomizes the pattern toward a solitary worldwide commercial center: globalization. Coca-Cola globalization was checked when Coca-Cola set a strategy that everybody battling in would have Coca-Cola regardless of where they were. Unique packaging plants and soft drink wellsprings were built up where conceivable inside army installations, which implied just the Coca-Cola syrup must be transported. By and large examination questions: 1. Portray profound quality in the Islamic world. Utilize the conversation of the 6 beverages in the book as proof for your answer.Islam ethical quality is exceptionally severe. In light of their ethical quality, it was ill-advised to drink certain beverages. Explicitly the ones that contain liquor. 2. As per Standard, what is the following beverage that will characterize society? Clarify why. As per Standard water will be the following beverage to characterize society. He says this since water is profoundly elegant, it is the subject of clashing therapeutic cases and has sweeping geopolitical centrality. Waters developing prominence proposes that the harm of sullying is at long last retreating. The historical backdrop of drinking has returned right to its source.

Tesla and Gm Proposed Merger Free Essays

string(62) however because of the immersion of vehicles accessible in the U. FINC 664W University of Redlands Capstone Paper General Motors and Tesla Merger Juan Carrillo, Shane Cheek, Jeffrey Haynes, and Peter Delacruz February 23, 2013 Dear Fellow Shareholders: A gathering of Shareholders is booked for Saturday, February 23, 2013. Encased is a duplicate of our intermediary articulation. At this gathering of investors, the Board of Directors will look for endorsement to secure Tesla Motors. We will compose a custom exposition test on Tesla and Gm Proposed Merger or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now The Board of Directors accepts that this merger will give General Motors income, development, and serious edge to our current item blend. Extra data concerning this issue is introduced in the body of the intermediary articulation. We urge you to survey this data. If it's not too much trouble sign, date, and return the encased type of intermediary. Along these lines your offers will be spoken to whether you can go to the gathering. We might want to thank you for your regard for this issue and for your proceeded with help. Deferentially, Chief Executive Officer General Motors and Tesla Merger The General Motors-Tesla securing is an extraordinary chance to consolidate comparable and inventive organizations in the automobile business. The accompanying report will help clarify why we are certain that this securing must happen. We will give you nitty gritty data concerning our reasons and contemplations why this merger must happen and how it benefits General Motors, Tesla Motors each company’s investors and shoppers. General Motors (G. M. ) procurement of Tesla will take this organization forward and position us with driving edge innovation in the business, perhaps assuming control over Toyota at the top. G. M. can use Tesla’s advancement and innovations to keep on pushing ahead with our vision to configuration, construct, and sell the world’s best vehicles. Then again, Tesla’s can use GM’s fabricating offices and conveyance channels to practice economies of scale and accomplish their objectives of making electric vehicles accessible to every social class. What's more, Tesla can utilize GM to assist them with their accounts slicing their obligation to the U. S. government. In addition, with the cooperative energies between these two organizations, the expense of electric vehicles will be moderate. The expense of electric vehicles today makes them accessible just for the wealthy however with this merger, the vision of Tesla to circulate electric moderate vehicles worldwide will happen as intended. Moreover, contemplations and purposes behind this merger will likewise be talked about. In this report we will introduce a review of the two organizations, systems, SWOT and STEEP investigation, item advancement, support for the merger, idea of the offer, joining plan, financials, hazard and, reasons why merger ought to be affirmed by G. M. furthermore, TSLA investors and governing body. GM’s Strategy: Vision: To configuration, assemble and sell the world’s best vehicles (Akerson, 2010). Strategic. M. is a global enterprise occupied with socially mindful tasks, around the world. It is devoted to give items and administrations of such quality that our clients will get prevalent worth while our representatives and colleagues will partake in our prosperity and our investors will get a continued predominant profit for their investment† (Buchen, 2011). Where G. M. begun. Ground breaking: GM was begun by a pony carriage sales rep named William Crapo â€Å"Billy† Durant in 1908. Before that Billy begun his own carriage producing organization in 1886 and figured out how to transform $2,000 into $2 million. Around the 1900’s little autonomous creators were delivering fuel controlled carriages in carports. These carriages were not famous as there were not many being used. Rather than battling the new innovation Durant grasped change, thought forward, and purchased a little gas-fueled carriage fabricating organization called Buick. At the time there had just been 37 Buicks ever sold. Not long after purchasing Buick Durant made enhancements to the Buick and indicated it at the New York automobile expo in 1904. He left the car expo that year with in excess of 1,000 requests for the Buick (Folsom, 1998). On account of Durant’s ability to grasp change and the necessities of the business sectors, G. M. ould before long become the business head in close to home transportation and would stay there for the following 70 years. GM likewise was ground breaking while thinking about their workers. G. M. was a pioneer in repaying their representatives well, while constantly producing a consistent pay for financial specialists coming about because of their fast development. The association like wise gave by a wide margin one of the country’s most extensive medicinal services and advantage plans. All through the 1950s G. M. pioneers and laborers were satisfied to pronounce the organization had the most elevated repaid representatives in the US. To guarantee representatives were open to return after shutdowns for model year changes, G. M. assented to a progressive association condition that repaid laborers lingered by shutdowns. Additionally, G. M. made accessible incredible annuity plans with noteworthy retirement remuneration and greatest advantages for long-lasting representatives. This â€Å"Success Formula† allowed G. M. to assume responsibility for the business. The company’s character to be the biggest †the General †was married to their technique of possessing the greatest dispersion alongside the broadest item go. Also, the Success Formula was viable, as every single year G. M. sold unmistakably more vehicles and trucks contrasted with any other person even while making exceptional paces of come back from the 1940s all through the 1960s and into the 1970s. GM would not exist today nor would they have been so fruitful if Mr. Durant had not adjusted to the adjustments in the individual transportation showcase before it was evident to the opposition. At last, this is sort of imaginative and ground breaking is the thing that prompts organizations taking a telling control of a market consequently constraining the opposition to play make up for lost time. This kind of creative reasoning is the thing that has helped G. M. to accomplish their central goal of giving their investors a prevalent profit for their venture and it is their objective to proceed in this kind of achievement. Current State of the Market: The U. S. showcase is the biggest on the planet for the vehicle business, yet because of the immersion of autos accessible in the U. You read Tesla and Gm Proposed Merger in classification Exposition models S. showcase, it's anything but a market of fast development. In any case, other rising economies are. Countries like China, Europe, Japan and India all have extraordinary potential for solid development. China specifically is ready for quick white collar class extension and conomic development, which makes them a prime market to investigate. â€Å"Over the previous decade, G. M. what's more, our joint endeavor accomplices have manufactured a main situation in China †the world’s biggest car showcase †with share expanding from 3. 4 percent in 2000 to our present 12. 8 percen t (in 2012). †(General Motors Company 2010 Annual Report, 2010) GM has gone from being the pioneer in the Chinese car industry since 2005, to losing the market lead in 2012. The opposition has found G. M. by and by as they did in the U. S. It’s now time for G. M. to change the game, in the U. S. nd in China. They can possibly take a directing lead in the business by following the activities of Mr. Durant in 1904, by speculation forward and grasping the move in the market. There are numerous elements to be considered by players in the automobile business and what impact will affect their business sectors. We will concentrate on three variables we consider basic to GM’s future achievement; contamination and guideline, flexibly, request and cost of oil and the fast adjustment and reliance of cars in China and the guidelines that will confine traditionally controlled vehicles. Contamination and Regulation Because of the absence of guideline of emanations numerous huge urban communities in China have the most unfortunate quality air on the planet (McIntyre, 2010). â€Å"Air quality has for some time been an issue in the Chinese capital, Beijing, and levels have been accounted for to be in excess of multiple times over the level pronounced safe by the World Health Organization† (Branigan, 2013). China’s driving reason for death is cardiovascular malady and respiratory infection that credited to 53% of China’s yearly passings (World Health Organization, 2011). While trying to diminish air contamination the Chinese government has started to direct their residents utilization of autos. There are limitations on what days determined gatherings of individuals can drive their automobiles. Additionally, the bigger urban communities have constrained the quantity of customary gas fueled vehicles that can be enrolled every year. This limitation doesn't have any significant bearing to electric vehicles. Flexibly, request and cost of oil The present creation of oil is close to the most elevated levels in history yet the interest is ever yet expanding. This has, and will proceed, to build the expense of fuel. This expansion will keep on moving the world away from the single utilization of fuel controlled vehicles. In spite of the fact that oil utilization has teadied in the U. S. it just keeps on expanding at a high rate and is anticipated to proceed through 2035. The expanded expense to control individual vehicles will probably check shoppers acquisition of gas fuel vehicles. A significant number of China’s residents are simply going into the vehicle showcase just bec ause in light of the fact that a considerable lot of them have as of late arrived at a degree of discretionary cashflow, which permitted them to enter the market. With expanding fuel costs, government enrollment limitations and money related impetuses Chinese shoppers might be influenced from buying a customary gas controlled vehicle. Quick of Automobile Industry in China and Government

Tips on Writing Custom Research Papers

Tips on Writing Custom Research PapersNowadays, custom research paper writers have become a necessity of life. For those who wish to succeed in their career, writing is the key factor that makes them a success. With the help of this writing craft, one can write a paper that will be viewed by higher authorities of a particular field. However, with this craft comes a huge responsibility to put forth the time, energy and perseverance in order to produce a good quality paper.The main benefit that is gained from custom research paper writers is their ability to boost your career. It is possible for the person to enhance his or her career and become one of the leaders in the field. The only thing that one must do is to create a good paper. For a person to produce a good paper, it is vital to have good research. This skill is necessary because the research that is done by custom research paper writers can be used by other people to formulate their own research papers.While custom research p aper writers are meant to be writers, they must be careful in writing their work. As writers, their focus should be on conveying the contents of the paper. It is not possible for them to write a good paper without any focus. In this regard, they should avoid things that they consider to be unnecessary. However, if they find something to be necessary, then they can include them.Good custom research paper writers must be able to express themselves and to make the writing interesting. They should also take care of the styles that other people would like to read. In order to reach out to other people, they must be aware of what is interesting to them.Focus must be given to the content of the paper. The writing style must not be a random one, because it will surely fail to grab the attention of other people. It is because many people like the style of writing that they do not want to read them. Instead, they prefer to read things that are interesting and thought-provoking.In order to mak e things easier for the custom research paper writers, they should use their expertise and write good content. In addition, they should give the readers the impression that they are experts. If they make it clear that they are experts, then it is likely that the readers will get interested in what they are talking about. That is why, when writing their paper, they should use their expertise and skills as much as possible.Custom research paper writers must write according to the trends and traditions of the current time. If they write in such a way that is in sync with the trends of the current times, then they will surely be applauded by the readers. At the same time, if they write in a way that is at variance with the current times, then they may suffer from being rejected by the readers.Finally, custom research paper writers must be conscious of the reader. When they are writing a paper, they must know who the readers are and what kind of knowledge they have about the topic. They must also note down the opinions of the readers so that they can incorporate it into their work. In addition, they must have an idea of what readers expect to read and they must deliver it.

Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee - 2061 Words

We live in a society where African Americans used to be treated with no respect. What if you had to experience the same things that they dealt with? They faced racial discrimination and injustice in court. Mostly in the Jim Crow South, certain groups of white people during this time made it impossible for African Americans to receive justice. Even if they were innocent, blacks could be brutally punished and were subjugated by violence. In court whites would generally win even if they did not have any strong evidence to support their arguments. Especially in the south, during the 1930s, African Americans had little value and basically no legal status in society. They were meant to be treated like animals and, generally, many people believed that whites were always superior to blacks. The late 1930s was a time period where people suffered from many perspectives. First, the novel To Kill A Mockingbird, by Harper Lee, took place during the Great Depression which was a time when people di d not have any jobs or money to provide for their family. There was great tension in society which triggered stress and emotional conflict. Also, Mockingbird was set in the south --Maycomb, Alabama-- where racial segregation was high against blacks. In the novel, Tom Robinson was an African American man who was wrongly accused of raping Mayella Ewell, a white woman who was responsible for falsely accusing him to save her own reputation. The biased white jury sentenced Tom Robinson to be guiltyShow MoreRelatedKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1049 Words   |  5 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird: How a Story could be based on True Events in Everyday LifeDaisy GaskinsCoastal Pines Technical Collegeâ€Æ'Harper Lee was born in Monroeville, Alabama. Her father was a former newspaper editor and proprietor, who had served as a state senator and practiced as a lawyer in Monroeville. Also Finch was known as the maiden name of Lee’s mother. With that being said Harper Lee became a writer l ike her father, but she became a American writer, famous for her race relations novel â€Å"ToRead MoreTo Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee1000 Words   |  4 Pagesworld-wide recognition to the many faces of prejudice is an accomplishment of its own. Author Harper Lee has had the honor to accomplish just that through her novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, a moving and inspirational story about a young girl learning the difference between the good and the bad of the world. In the small town of Monroeville, Alabama, Nelle Harper Lee was born on April 28, 1926. Growing up, Harper Lee had three siblings: two sisters and an older brother. She and her siblings grew up modestlyRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1290 Words   |  6 PagesHarper Lee published To Kill a Mockingbird during a rough period in American history, also known as the Civil Rights Movement. This plot dives into the social issues faced by African-Americans in the south, like Tom Robinson. Lee felt that the unfair tr eatment towards blacks were persistent, not coming to an end any time in the foreseeable future. This dark movement drove her to publish this novel hopeful that it would encourage the society to realize that the harsh racism must stop. Lee effectivelyRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee873 Words   |  4 PagesIn the book, To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee illustrates that â€Å"it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird† throughout the novel by writing innocent characters that have been harmed by evil. Tom Robinson’s persecution is a symbol for the death of a mockingbird. The hunters shooting the bird would in this case be the Maycomb County folk. Lee sets the time in the story in the early 1950s, when the Great Depression was going on and there was poverty everywhere. The mindset of people back then was that blackRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee963 Words   |  4 Pagesgrowing up, when older characters give advice to children or siblings.Growing up is us ed frequently in the novel To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee. Harper Lee uses the theme growing up in To Kill a Mockingbird to change characters opinion, develop characters through their world, and utilizes prejudice to reveal growing up. One major cause growing up is used in To Kill a Mockingbird is to represent a change of opinion. One part growing up was shown in is through the trial in part two of the novelRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1052 Words   |  5 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee takes place in Maycomb County, Alabama in the late 30s early 40s , after the great depression when poverty and unemployment were widespread throughout the United States. Why is the preconception of racism, discrimination, and antagonism so highly related to some of the characters in this book? People often have a preconceived idea or are biased about one’s decision to live, dress, or talk. Throughout To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee examines the preconceptionRead MoreHarper Lee and to Kill a Mockingbird931 Words   |  4 PagesHarper Lee and her Works Harper Lee knew first hand about the life in the south in the 1930s. She was born in Monroeville, Alabama in 1926 (Castleman 2). Harper Lee was described by one of her friends as Queen of the Tomboys (Castleman 3). Scout Finch, the main character of Lees Novel, To Kill a Mockinbird, was also a tomboy. Many aspects of To Kill a Mockingbird are autobiographical (Castleman 3). Harper Lees parents were Amasa Coleman Lee and Frances Finch Lee. She was the youngestRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1695 Words   |  7 PagesIn To Kill a Mockingbird Harper Lee presents as a ‘tired old town’ where the inhabitants have ‘nowhere to go’ it is set in the 1930s when prejudices and racism were at a peak. Lee uses Maycomb town to highlight prejudices, racism, poverty and social inequality. In chapter 2 Lee presents the town of Maycomb to be poverty stricken, emphasised through the characterisation of Walter Cunningham. When it is discovered he has no lunch on the first day of school, Scout tries to explain the situation to MissRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1876 Words   |  8 PagesThough Harper Lee only published two novels, her accomplishments are abundant. Throughout her career Lee claimed: the Presidential Medal of Freedom, Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, Goodreads Choice Awards Best Fiction, and Quill Award for Audio Book. Lee was also inducted into the American Academy of Arts and Letters. This honor society is a huge accomplishment and is considered the highest recognition for artistic talent and accomplishment in the United States. Along with these accomplishments, herRead MoreKill A Mockingbird, By Harper Lee1197 Words   |  5 Pagessuch as crops, houses, and land, and money was awfully limited. These conflicts construct Harper Lee’s novel, To Kill a Mocking Bird. In To Kill a Mocking Bird, Lee establishes the concurrence of good and evil, meaning whether people are naturally good or naturally evil. Lee uses symbolism, characterization, and plot to portray the instinctive of good and evil. To Kill a Mocking Bird, a novel by Harper Lee takes place during the 1930s in the Southern United States. The protagonist, Scout Finch,

Tobacco And Its Effects On The American Economy - 968 Words

Tobacco, a standout amongst the most essential trade yields out American cultivating, is local toward the North and South American landmasses. It first got to be known not rest of the world when European adventurers in the fifteenth and sixteenth hundreds of years saw it being utilized as a drug and as a stimulant by Native Americans. The wayfarers came back to Europe with the newly discovered plant and it rapidly was received by rich and poor alike as a medication of decision. Banned at first by rulers and popes, its financial impacts and expansive prominence constrained acknowledgment among all societies. It rapidly spread all through the acculturated world and turned into an establishment for the development of the American economy. By the 1800 s, numerous individuals had started utilizing little measures of tobacco. Some chewed it. Others smoked it infrequently in a funnel, or they hand-rolled a cigarette or stogie. On the normal, individuals smoked around 40 cigarettes a year. The principal business cigarettes were made in 1865 by Washington Duke on his 300-section of land ranch in Raleigh, North Carolina. His hand-rolled cigarettes were sold to warriors toward the end of the Civil War. It was not until James Bonsack concocted the cigarette-production machine in 1881 that cigarette smoking got to be broad. Bonsack s cigarette machine could make 120,000 cigarettes a day. He started a new business with Washington Duke s child, James Buck Duke. They constructed aShow MoreRelated Banning Cigarettes Essay800 Words   |  4 Pagesmanages to seize over 400,000 American lives annually (American Lung Association, quot;Americanquot;). Despite the efforts of the U.S. government to protect its citizens, the government continues to ignore the single most preventable cause of premature deaths. The vicious culprit attributed to these deaths is the common cigarette. Death, however, is not the only transgression cigarettes are responsible for. Cigarettes pose a clear threat to the public, to the economy, and to the planet. Without aRead MoreHealth Risks Vs. Economics Of Tobacco Consumption1614 Words   |  7 Pagesstill those that are addicted to tobacco products making it more di fficult to embrace their own health. In order to make the world smoke-free, the U.S. government is taking a stand on the economical side by increasing excise taxes hoping to encourage those with a tobacco addiction to become more money as well as health conscious. Economic research will be provided on where the government stands in the economic fight amongst tobacco consumers in order to lead Americans into a healthier and more economicallyRead MoreTobacco Should Be Made Illegal Essay1010 Words   |  5 Pagesdetrimental effects on the lives of smokers and those around them. Fires, second-hand smoke, and smoking related motor vehicle accidents all plague the world and those in it. Tobacco should be made illegal because of the horrible consequences it inflicts on smokers and non-smokers alike. Tobacco is a plant that grows natively in North and South America. It is in the same family as the potato, pepper and the poisonous nightshade, a very deadly plant. American Indians began using tobacco in many differentRead MoreThe Dangers Of Tobacco And Smoking1584 Words   |  7 Pagesboosting the economy with sales and ads; in the midst of so much negativity surrounding smoking which is it good or bad? We hear the negatives all the time but upsides to smoking are never discussed. Tobacco and smoking were not always used how they are today. Back around 600 to 900 A.D. many cultures grew tobacco and Native Americans would smoke and use it within religious ceremonies and for medical uses (History of Tobacco). Toward the middle of the 1800’s American’s started to smoke tobacco occasionallyRead MoreOne Puff Closer to the Grave703 Words   |  3 Pages Tobacco industries are very profitable, there is no denying that, but does this profit benefit the people’s economy? Tobacco companies want the people to think that tobacco is good for the economy even though it isn’t good for health (caner.org). The tobacco industry is one of the most profitable businesses in the US, making not million, but billions of dollars every year (cancer.org). The cost of smoking, however, is far higher than the income made from sales (cancer.org). In 2004, the US CenterRead MoreFinal Paper1636 Words   |  7 Pages Economics in Early America Early America was shaped and transformed by the economy. There were many factors and purchases that happened throughout that aided in the upbringing of the American economy we know today. We know some events of American history, for example, the finding of Native Americans already on America, slavery throughout history, wars, and inventions were all factors of shaping the economy for us. Before there was such a thing as the â€Å"New World,† there were millions ofRead MoreNegative Effects of Smoking on Human Health and the Economy1475 Words   |  6 Pageswomens reproductive health, and smoke exposure on children has had detrimental and some sometimes fatal effects on children. Many studies have examined and outlined the adverse effects of maternal smoking on both the mother as well as on the baby and/or infant ( Hofhuis, de Jongste, Merkus, 2003 Woolbright 1994). Many states such as Alabama required documentation on birth certificates of tobacco use of mothers (Woolbright, 1994). Despite the Surgeon generals warning that maternal smoking may resultRead MoreLegalizing Marijuana in the United States Essay1700 Words   |  7 PagesLegalizing Marijuana Debate Marijuana, also known as Cannabis is the third most well-liked recreational drug, which only falls behind alcohol and tobacco, in the United States (The Whitehouse, n.d.). Marijuana is made up of dried leaves, plants, stalks, and pits from the hemp plant Cannabis Sativa, which comprises of the mind-altering compound delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), in addition to other associated compounds. This plant substance can correspondingly be converged in a resin called hashishRead MoreThe Challenges of Raising Tobacco and Alcohol Taxes925 Words   |  4 PagesWill raising tobacco and alcohol taxes decrease consumers and benefit to fund states and people for the rising medical costs? It has been said a lot about the dangers of smoking and drinking. We hear about it everyday in the mass media and from health professionals. It is hard to see people losing their voice, being unable to work and in the end dying because of cancer. It is also painful to watch the whole family from a household dying as a result of their car being hit by drunk driver. There areRead MoreInformative Speech : Effects Of Smoking816 Words   |  4 Pages Informative Speech Title: Effects of Smoking Speaker: Kevon Jones, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University student Specific Purpose: To persuade the audience to avoid smoking Thesis Statement: Smoking has many dangerous effects on a smoker s health and the health of those around them; it harms every organ in the body and leads to premature death. Introduction I. Attention getter: According to Tobacco-Free Kids, â€Å"about 400,000 people die from their own smoking

Birth Skin To Skin Contact Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

The first hr after birth is a clip of peculiar sensitiveness for the female parent. Close contact with her babe during this clip facilitates the attachment procedure. Mother-baby bonding is enhanced when the bare neonate is placed on the female parent ‘s bare thorax. We will write a custom essay sample on Birth Skin To Skin Contact Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The female parent begins her scrutiny of her babe by researching the appendages and caput with her fingertips. Thereafter, she caresses her babe ‘s organic structure with her full manus before garnering her babe in her weaponries frequently in the en face place where eye-to-eye contact can be established. She talks to her babe with great emotion, looking for positive support from her spouse and other birth attenders. This sensitive period of interaction between the female parent and babe should advance ideal subsequently development of the babe. Therefore, it is of import after a gestation period of nine months, non to divide the babe from his female parent instantly after birth unless otherwise contraindicated due to wellness grounds A turning volume of research supports skin-to-skin contact between the female parent and the neonate in the immediate post-delivery period. Skin to clamber contact is defined as puting the bare newborn babe, prone covered across the dorsum with a warm cover, on the female parent ‘s bare thorax outright following birth. A significant figure of surveies showed that early skin-to-skin contact between the female parent and the neonate is good to the neonate. Some of the benefits of skin-to-skin contact include stabilisation of the neonate ‘s organic structure temperature through thermoregulation, ordinance of bosom rate and ordinance of respiratory rate ( Wallace A ; Marshal, 2001 ) . Additionally, early skin-to-skin contact facilitates the induction of breastfeeding, helps neonatal thermoregulation and promotes maternal-infant bonding ( Dabrowski, 2007 ; Wallace A ; Marshal, 2001 ) . Skin to clamber contact may besides guarantee colonisation of the babe with the female parent ‘s ain tegument vegetation, for which the kid will hold some opposition ( Wallace A ; Marshal, 2001 ) . Despite its aforesaid benefits and despite the UNICEF ‘s Baby Friendly best pattern run which calls for early tegument to clamber contact. Nowadays, separation of female parents from their newborn babes at bringing has become a usual pattern despite the intensifying grounds that this may hold negative effects on the neonate. This pattern is still non being implemented in the labour room in Bahrain. This can be due to miss of labour room nurses knowledge about the benefits of skin-to-skin contact. Study intent: To measure the perceptual experience of labour room nurses about skin-to-skin contact. Problem statement: What is the perceptual experience of labour room nurses towards skin-to-skin contact between female parent and the neonate? Research inquiries: ( 1 ) what do labour room nurses know about tegument to clamber contact? , ( 2 ) what are the factors labour room nurses place as barriers to execution of tegument to clamber contact, ( 3 ) what are the factors labour room nurses place as facilitators to execution of tegument to clamber contact? Aims: Identifying cognition degree of labour room nurses will assist in planing and implementing in-service instruction plans to educate nurses about the importance of skin-to-skin contact. Additionally, placing the barriers and facilitators of skin-to-skin contact will assist in planing intercessions to diminish the barriers and increase the factors that will ease skin-to-skin contact. This in bend will increase the execution of skin-to-skin contact in the labour suites in Bahrain. Conceptual definition: Skin to clamber contact: Puting the bare neonate on the female parent ‘s bare thorax instantly after birth. Knowledge: Information about tegument to clamber contact Barriers: Factors that decrease the likeliness of implementing tegument to clamber contact Facilitators: Factors that encourage the execution of tegument to clamber contact Operational definition: Skin to clamber contact: puting the bare newborn babe, on his/her tummy covered across the dorsum with a warm cover, on the female parent ‘s bare thorax for at least 15 proceedingss get downing instantly after birth. Cognition: the sum of information labour room nurses have about how to implement skin-to-skin contact and the benefits of skin-to-skin contact. Barriers: the factors that prevent labour room nurses from implementing skin-to-skin contact. Facilitators: the factors that help labour room nurses to implement skin-to-skin contact. Literature reappraisal: Skin-to-skin contact between the female parent and her neonate has been extensively researched and debated over the past 40 old ages. A thorough hunt of the literature revealed a big figure of surveies that focused on assorted facets of skin-to-skin contact including benefits to the female parent. However, the focal point of this reappraisal of the literature is on the benefits of skin-to-skin contact to the newborn and on the consequence of increasing nurse ‘s cognition on the rate of skin-to-skin execution in the labour room. Five relevant articles were selected for inclusion in this paper. These included one meta-analysis, one literature reappraisal and three research surveies. Benefits of skin-to skin contact: Two of import benefits of skin-to-skin contact to the neonates are thermoregulation and increased success of suckling. Jonas et al. , ( 2008 ) investigated the relationship between thermoregulation and breast-feeding two yearss after birth in a sample of 47 mother-infant braces. They besides wanted to larn if this relationship would be affected by the disposal of extradural analgesia ( EDA ) and oxytocin ( OT ) during labour. The sample was divided into three groups: OT group ( n=9 ) , OT plus EDA group ( n=20 ) and control group ( n=18 ) . The research workers monitored the temperature of the babes at 5, 10, 20 and 30 proceedingss after the neonate was placed skin-to-skin on the female parent ‘s thorax and covered with cover. They found that the babies whose female parents received EDA during labour their temperature increased foremost but remain same in comparing to OT and control group, which the tegument temperature increased significantly. Bystrova, et al. , ( 2007 ) investigated the effects of bringing ward patterns and early Suckling on maternal axillary and chest temperatures during the first 2 hours postpartum and related them to infant ‘s pes and alar temperatures. A sample of 176 mother-infant braces was randomized as follows: skin-to-skin contact group ( n=44 ) , which involved bare babies lying prone on their female parent ‘s bare thorax ; mother ‘s arm group ( n=44 ) , which involved appareled babies lying prone on their female parent ‘s thorax, and babies who were dressed and kept in the baby’s room ( n=88 ) . Maternal alar and breast temperatures, babies ‘ axillary, and pes temperatures were measured at 15-minute intervals from 30-120 proceedingss after birth. The fluctuation in chest temperature was highest in female parents in the skin-to-skin group and lowest in female parents of babies who were placed in the baby’s room. A positive relationship was found betwee n the maternal alar temperature and the infant pes and alar temperature 90 proceedingss after the start of the experiment in the skin-to-skin and female parent ‘s weaponries group. No such relationship was established in nursery group. In add-on, foot temperature in babies from the skin-to-skin group was 2oC higher than those babies from the female parent ‘s weaponries group. Bergstrom et al. , ( 2006 ) investigated the immediate maternal thermal response to skin-to-skin attention of newborn. In a sample of 39 female parents, the research workers measured the maternal tegument and alar temperatures instantly before skin-to-skin contact, so every 2minutes for 20minutes and eventually 10minutes after taking the newborn. They besides, measured the newborn ‘s brow, alar temperatures instantly before skin-to-skin contact, and twice after originating skin-to-skin, followed by a measuring 10minutes after newborn has been removed. Researchers found a positive relationship between maternal tegument temperatures in response to skin-to-skin contact, as a rapid thermic response established in maternal chest tegument instantly after skin-to-skin contact. It rose by o.5Celcius grade on norm the first 2minutes after skin-to-skin contact and dropped by 0.5Celcius grade 10minutes after newborn has been removed. Maternal alar temperature besides, raised 2minutes afte r induction of skin-to-skin but stayed changeless 10minutes after removed of the newborn from skin-to-skin place. Anderson ( 2003 ) examined the relationship between early skin-to-skin contact and breast-feeding and found that skin-to-skin contact had positive effects on breast-feeding. In add-on, Anderson ( 2003 ) found that skin-to-skin contact improved infant-maternal bonding. Luclington ( 2004 ) discussed the positive physiological effects of kangaroo female parent attention ( KMC ) on babies ‘ temperature, weight, bosom rate and respiratory rate. The KMC is another nomenclature that describes skin-to-skin contact. Sloan ( 1994 ) found that babies who received KMC were less likely to develop pneumonia compared to the babies who did non have KMC. Tessier ( 2003 ) reported that the babies who received uninterrupted KMC had higher IQ degree compared to the other babies who did non have KMC. Johnston ( 2003 ) research showed that babies who received KMC demonstrated less hurting and Charpak ( 2005 ) showed that babies who receive KMC were discharged earlier than babies who did non have KMC . A Meta-analysis of 23 surveies was done by Mori, Khanna, Pledge and Nakayama ( 2009 ) to analyze the physiological effects of skin-to-skin contact on the newborn. Consequences of this analysis showed that skin-to-skin contact had positive effects on the neonate ‘s bosom rate and organic structure temperature. However, no relationship was found between skin-to-skin contact and the neonate ‘s O impregnations ( Mori et al. , 2009 ) . In drumhead, research on skin-to-skin contact indicates that this pattern has several benefits for both the female parent and the baby. Some of these benefits include ordinance of the baby ‘s organic structure temperature, increasing maternal-infant bonding, and bettering breast-feeding chances. Design: A descriptive, non-experimental design will be used to measure the perceptual experience of labour room nurses about skin-to-skin contact between the female parent and her neonate. Sample: The trying method that we will utilize in choosing our topics is convenience trying. The sample will include nurses who work in the labour suites of authorities infirmaries including Salmaniya Medical Complex and Jidhafs Maternity Hospital. The sample will dwell of 50 labour room nurses available on a indiscriminately selected twenty-four hours and displacement. The sample will be drawn from the two aforesaid infirmaries as follows: Jihafs Maternity Hospital ( n=20 ) , and Salmaniya Medical Complex ( n=30 ) . Standards for inclusion of sample: The sample for this survey will dwell of labour room nurses working in authorities infirmaries in Bahrain. Nurses take parting in this survey must hold at least five old ages labour room experience. Bahraini and non-Bahraini nurses will be included. Nurses with Associate Degree or Bachelors of Science Degree will be included. Data bite instrument: A self-report questionnaire consisting of 12 inquiries on skin-to-skin contact and four demographic informations inquiries will be used to roll up informations from the sample. Pilot survey: A pilot survey will be conducted to prove the dependability and cogency of the questionnaire. The sample for the pilot survey will dwell of a convenience sample of 10 labour room nurses from Salmaniya Medical Center. The survey questionnaire will be modified as necessary based on the consequences of the pilot survey. Data aggregation processs: Permission to carry on the survey will be obtained from the head nursing services for infirmary. Following the blessing of the survey, the main nursing officer will administer an blessing missive to the nurses who are incharge of the labour suites in the three infirmaries. The questionnaires will be manus delivered in certain envelopes to the labour room incharges of the two infirmaries who will administer the questionnaire to their staff nurses. Each one of the research workers will be responsible for presenting the envelopes to one of the three infirmaries. The topics will be given two hebdomads to finish the questionnaires and return them to the office of the incharge individual of the labour room. The nurse incharge will be asked by the research worker to remind her staff to return the envelops with the completed questionnaires to her office. The envelops will so be collected by one of the research workers. Data analysis process: The statistical bundle for the societal scientific disciplines ( SPSS-version 17 ) will be used to analyse the information. Descriptive statistics will be used to depict the sample features. Inferential statistics including Chi square will be used to analyse informations sing cognition degree of labour room nurses of skin-to-skin contact. How to cite Birth Skin To Skin Contact Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Parliamentary and Presidential Systems Essay Sample free essay sample

A nation’s pick of authorities defines how the nation’s executive. legislative and judicial subdivisions are to be arranged. All state –state require some kind of authorities to avoid anarchy. Democratic authoritiess are those that allow citizens of states equal say in how their authorities are manages either straight or through elected representatives. Two of the most popular types of democratic authoritiess are presidential and parliamentary systems. These two signifiers of authorities are wholly different from important types of authorities that halt or restrict the direct engagement of citizens. Yet which signifier of authorities organisation is the best. what are their distinguishable characteristics. what are their pros and cons. and is one signifier of authorities better than the other? Which make it the figure one pick for many emerging states? Many political bookmans believe that one signifier of authorities has better characteristics that emerging state s will prefer. The undermentioned subdivisions of this essay are divided into four separate parts. We will write a custom essay sample on Parliamentary and Presidential Systems Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The first portion outlines the features of the parliamentary systems of authorities. How power is shared between two executives premier curate. president or sovereign in the United Kingdom’s instance. The 2nd portion explains how power is shared between the legislative assembly. judicial and executive powers in a presidential systems of authorities. The 3rd portion gives visible radiation to the many advantages and disadvantages of holding a parliamentary manner of authorities. such as unqualified persons keeping ministerial place. and the built-in jobs of being a caput of authorities. The 4th portion discusses the many strengths of a presidential system of authorities such as political stableness and the many failings of holding a presidential manner of authorities. such as the president non holding to reply to the legislative assembly Parliamentary and presidential systems have many properties that make them truly a alone signifier of administration. A parliament manner of authorities is a stiff political party system that is in tight control of the executive and legislative subdivisions of authorities. The beginnings of parliamentary manner of authorities day of the months back to the 17 and eighteenth century Britain whereby the first parliamentary manner of authorities was foremost started in the house of Westminster. The Westminster manner of parliamentary administration had two separate parts the House of Common and the House of Lords. Those that represent the House of Common were elected by the populace. while those that represent the House of Lords were either appointed or elected by assorted methods. These methods differed from the 1s used to elect those in the House of Commons. In this type of authorities. the premier curate. who normally performs the of import map of caput of authorities. is normally nom inated from the party bulk. He/she is non elected by the general populace during the election season. Besides another property of the parliamentary system of authorities. is that a premier curate can be voted from office in a ballot known as a ballot of no assurance. by fellow political co-workers. However. a premier curate has the ability to fade out parliament when he or she senses that there is a low degree of political purchase by the premier minister‘s party. this can merely go on with the support of the caput of province. This peculiar signifier of power that is given to the premier curate can be particularly good in the choice of an election day of the month. which can take to higher Numberss of political functionaries from the premier minister’s party. Therefore leting the caput of authorities to keep onto its power and influence over the parliament. Another interesting characteristic of a parliamentary manner of authorities is the function of a duel executive. The caput of the authorities is ever considered to be the premier curate. while the caput of province is ever considered to be the president. which at times can be a sovereign. For illustration in Canada. the premier curate is the supreme leader of the Canadian authorities ; nevertheless the caput of province is the sitting British sovereign Queen Elizabeth II. who delegates her function to the governor general. The difference between these two executives is that the premier curate has the ability to make up ones mind on and put to death political determinations and orders. While the president plays or in Canada instance the governor general the function of a symbolic figure. A concluding of import feature of the parliamentary manner of authorities is that the premier curate has the right to jump its curates. This can give the premier curate a better political standing and a more concrete political standing. By making so the caput of authorities can name members of cabinet that decide jointly on a wide scope of issues such as foreign policy. finance. and other capable affair refering the full authorities. A presidential system of authorities has several distinguishable characteristics that make it different from a parliamentary system of authorities. One of import characteristic is that a presidential system of authorities is a single-person office elected for a fixed period of clip by a distinguishable national constituency. This all of import executive portions about all powers of the federal authorities with a distinguishable and independent Congress. In presidential system of authorities the president is both the caput of authorities and province. One property of this system of authorities is the fact that legislative powers are given to Congress. Congress is a regulating organic structure. which comprises of the Senate and the House of Representative. While executive power is given to the president and judicial power is given to the Supreme Court. Therefore. power in a sense is clearly broken up between these three signifiers of authorities. This separation of power is defined as â€Å"checks and balances† which allows for equal purchase among these three subdivisions and independence. A 3rd distinguishable characteristic is the election procedure that occurs in the presidential systems of authorities. In this system of administration the president is elected straight by the general population. in an election process which is held within a fixed period of clip. In this type of election. the general populace has the duty of voting for an person that portion similar political beliefs and ideas to their ain. While the president has the duty of naming qualified persons for the place of secretary or curate of assorted sections or ministries. Another characteristic of a presidential system of authorities is that a president can non be removed from office through a ballot of no assurance. unlike a premier curate. This means that the president does non hold to reply to the legislative assembly of Congress. However a President can be removed from office if there are condemnable charges levied on him or her. through a procedure known as impeachment. This is a legal procedure whereby a political functionary is accused of improper activity. Held on test by his or her political equals and removed from office and at times can be reprehensively punished for misbehaviors. This is different from the parliamentary system of authorities where a premier curate can lose his or her place through a ballot of no assurance There are many advantages and disadvantages of holding a presidential system of authorities or parliamentary system of authorities. which make them genuinely alone signifiers of authorities. The advantage of holding a parliamentary system of authorities is that this type of administration is extremely flexible and more coordinated in comparing to a presidential system of authorities. ( Weaver pg. 20 This system of authorities is more nimble in taking a hereafter leader than a presidential system which follows a stiff process. Besides an advantage of this type of administration is that it gives authorities the ability to equally administer political power between the premier curate. and the bulk political leader. A 2nd advantage of holding a parliamentary system of authorities is that statute law is rapidly passed. By holding a parliamentary system of authorities. Torahs are rapidly passed and put into action because premier curate is beholden to parliament. This is different in a presidential system where the president has the authorization to blackball Torahs. Besides in parliamentary system of authorities the premier curate is about ever from them bulk party. While in a presidential system the president can at times be from a different political party which makes it hard to go through Torahs and can ensue in a deadlock. In retrospect. a batch of persons believe that holding a parliamentary system of authorities is better due to the fact that statute law can be go throughing more rapidly. ( Weaver pg. 20 ) A concluding advantage of holding a parliamentary system of authorities is that it is easier to take the caput of authorities from office. Due to the fact that the premier curate is answerable to the Torahs regulating the parliament. otherwise known as the legislative assembly. This is different from the presidential systems of authorities whereby the president can merely be removed from office through impeachment. Therefore if the premier curate loses the political backup of the parliament. parliament can therefore force out the executive without any jobs. For illustration. former premier curate of the U. K. Margaret Thatcher was removed from office in 1990 through this process. There are several disadvantages of holding a parliamentary system of authorities. which make holding a presidential system of authorities more favourable. One failing of a parliamentary system of authorities is that. a premier curate has a little less power and authorization. This is due to the fact that the premier curate is non elected by the populace and lacks the public support of the state. This is apparent in the dismissal of Gordon Brown. premier curate after Tony Blair and the ushering of David Cameron a really popular political figure. Another perceived con of running this type is authorities disposal is political instability. Political instability can happen in this signifier of authorities if the premier curate is voted from office in a ballot of no assurance. If this should happen and the premier minster is from the regulating party that is non in bulk so political instability can happen. ( Weaver pg. 23 1985 ) Besides there is deficiency of division of authorization unlike the presidential systems which has clear cut subdivisions of authorization from legislative to judicial to executive. An extra failing of this type of authorities is that there are no cheques and balances in this type of administration. which can take to a state of affairs whereby an executive can hold more power than the legislative power. This can take to the premier curate following the directives of the bulk party and disregarding the wants and demands of the minority party. Which can take to the suppression of bipartizan cooperation ( We aver pg. 23 1985 ) . A concluding failing of parliamentary system of authorities is that the sharing of power in a parliamentary system can deter engagement by extremely qualified persons. This is due to the fact that there are really few high stations that are unfastened. Besides these few high stations that are unfastened are non unafraid. and can be a major beginning of disheartenment for those seeking political office. However. in the presidential system of authorities those that have been in power the longest. can achieve a higher political office than others. Yet in a parliamentary system. the premier curate can give a curate his or her place. and take away that place besides. This can give those that have the required certificates a intermission and possibly decline a cabinet degree or ministerial place. There are many pros and cons. advantageous and disadvantageous of holding a presidential systems of authorities. which some say make it better than a parliamentary system of authorities. while others say it has more defects. However a strength that many agree on is the stableness of a presidential system of authorities. The stableness of holding a president that allows the continuance of public policy and avoids unstable political state of affairss is extremely advantageous. An illustration of this is that the president can keep or keep his or her executive powers for given fixed term. while a premier curate can be removed from office through a ballot of no assurance. This type of remotion from office in the parliamentary system of authorities can do a rickety system of authorities and convey disparity of political and economic ploy. A 2nd strength of this type of presidential system of authorities is an unambiguous election procedure. This proves the fact that by holding a democratic thought whereby every person can show his or her thought on societal and political policy. the right person can be put into office who is an incarnation of these policies. Besides due to this signifier of election the caput of authorities m is able to exercise a strong control over political determinations. and can at times provide policy that the public supports. A 3rd strength of a presidential system of authorities is that the executive in office can talk for the people of the state as a whole. As a caput of province a president can number on the support of the people. This can be really good when seeking to force for unpopular but necessary plans of authorities such as basic wellness attention coverage for every citizen. Besides a president can number on the support of the people when besides recommending on better economic policies that can increase the general public assistance and national income of a state. This can play a important function particularly if the legislative organic structure blocks or attempts to decelerate down these proposals. Even though there are many strengths of holding a presidential system of authoritiess there are many disadvantages. One sensed disadvantage is that a presidential system operates under the footing of victor – take –all –rule. This is different from a parliamentary system of authorities where a alliance party is formed. and also-rans have some say in the forming of the authorities. Some believe that holding this signifier of authorities is at times undemocratic because non every voice is held. In a presidential system of authorities. a president and his or her cabinet members are non answerable to Congress. Although. Congress can establish probe into executive determination or actions. executive functionaries can raise certain â€Å"executive privilege â€Å"to avoid oppugning on their actions. Due to this split in authorization between executive and legislative. each subdivision of authorities can switch jobs back and Forth doing it hard for the general populace to keep the authorities accountable. However in a parliamentary system of authorities. the authorities is held accountable to the House of Commons for its action. Therefore since the premier curate and cabinet members actively take part in the House of Common. This gives the general populace a better ability to measure the public presentation of the authorities. Besides. another failing of holding a presidential system of authorities is deficiency of flexible in comparing to parliamentary system. The fixed footings of office in a presidential system can do it hard to decide political issues between the executive and legislative subdivisions. However in a parliamentary system of authorities. if a authorities is unable to retain the assurance of the party that is in bulk in the House of Commons. so they can be removed from office. This besides holds true if the premier curate loses the support of their Caucasus they can be pressured to step down. Decision Ever since the death of the United Soviet Socialist Republic. besides known as the U. S. S. R. democracy has begun to distribute like wildfire across the Earth. As more states are freshly formed. and forge individuality of their ain. They began to inquire the inquiry which signifier of democracy is the best to regulate their new state. Depending on the unfolding treatment happening in these state and the illustrations of democratic authoritiess they are able to detect. such as the United States. and Canada that both title-holder different signifiers of authorities. They can either take the more classical parliamentary system or less stiff presidential system. In this research conducted the chief aim was to give visible radiation on the differences and common properties of both signifiers of authorities. The chief difference between these two democratic establishments are the election of the main executive into office. While the most common property is the cognition that the main executive can be removed from office by the legislative assembly in both systems. In decision. from the research conducted most provinces are more likely to choose to a presidential signifier of authorities. The chief drive factors being the stableness. direct support and authorization that the general populace can hold. Which are all factors that freshly formed authoritiess look for when taking a democratic establishment where every citizen’s voice can be heard. ENDNOTES Crowther. Kavanagh. K ( 1999 ) Oxford Guide to British and American Culture. Oxford University Press Siaroff. Alan. 2003. â€Å"Comparative Presidencies: The Inadequacy of the Presidential. Semi-Presidential and Parliamentary Distinction. † European Journal of Political Research 42:3 ( May ) pg. 287-312. Government: A Comparison of Presidential and Parliamentary Systems. † Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics 150. 171-95. Wilson. Bradford P. and Peter W. Schramm ( explosive detection systems ) . 1994. Separation of Powers and Good Government. Lanham. Mendelevium: Rowman and Littlefield. Samuels. David S. 2007. Oxford Handbook of Comparative Politics ( Oxford: Oxford University Press ) 703-726. R. Kent Weaver. Are Parliamentary systems better? Brooking Institutions Press Vol. 3 No. 4 ( summer 1985 ) pp16-25 hypertext transfer protocol: //www. Canada. gigahertz. ca/aboutgov-ausujetgouv/structure/legislative-legislatif-eng. hypertext markup language hypertext transfer protocol: //info8. juridicas. unam. mx/cont/mlawr/8/arc/arc3. htm Oxford Handbook of Comparative Politics Oxford University Press pg. 703-726. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. Canada. gigahertz. ca/aboutgovausujetgouv/structure/legislative-legislatif-eng. hypertext markup language hypertext transfer protocol: //info8. juridicas. unam. mx/cont/mlawr/8/arc/arc3. htm R. Kent Weaver Are Parliamentary systems better Brooking Institutions Press Vol. 3 No. 4 ( summer 1985 ) pp16-25 R. Kent Weaver Are Parliamentary systems better Brooking Institutions Press Vol. 3 No. 4 ( summer 1985 ) pg19-25 hypertext transfer protocol: //info8. juridicas. unam. mx/cont/mlawr/8/arc/arc3. htm Siaroff. Alan. 2003. Comparative Presidencies: The Inadequacy of the Presidential. Semi-Presidential and Parliamentary Distinction. European Journal of Political Research 42:3 ( May ) pg. 287-312.